The white and blue nile meet at khartoum and flow together northward to the nile. Article 5 3 the political system of the arab republic of. Pratapgiri university of bombay t he draft constitution of india sums up the constitutional position of the country on the attainment of political freedom. First, the ndp sought to maintain the public appearance of air.
The supreme council of the armed forces will continue directly with its limited responsibilities following this announcement, until a time at which the peoples assembly and the shura council assume their responsibilities and the president. Draft constitution of the arabic republic of egypt up to date as of 20 september 2012 unofficial translation prepared on behalf of international idea. Dec 01, 2012 after long hours of articlebyarticle voting on the egyptian constitution by the constituent assembly, the draft was passed on early friday. Mar 12, 2012 with parliamentary elections now complete, egypt moves to the next major step in its fitful political transition drafting a new constitution for the republic. Partial draft dated 10 november 20 of the constitution of the arab republic of egypt prepared pursuant to article 29 of the constitutional declaration dated 8 july 20 unofficial translation prepared by international idea.
The arab republic of egypt is a socialist democratic state based on the alliance of the working forces of the people. Egypts rising security threat investigates the phenomena that have contributed to actors desire to carry out violence, and considers this violence as deeply rooted in environmental conditions that have allowed for its evolution. Constitution of the arab republic of egypt 2014 wipo. The constitution will take effect from the date on which the people approve the referendum. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a congress of the united states, which shall consist of a senate and house of representatives. Nagarajan department of economics laurentian university canada abstract this paper examines the political economy of egypt to explain the downfall of the mubarak regime in 2011. Overview the basic element in the lengthy history of egyptian civilization is geography. The draft constitution of india economic and political weekly. He wore the white crown of the south and the red crown of the north. The draft constitution of india economic and political. Reading egypts draft constitution the new york times.
Article 4 2 the national economy is based on the development of economic activity, social justice, the guarantee of the different forms of property and the preservation of workers rights. Egypts constitution and the document of the pioneering, peaceful revolution, which. Egypts constitution and the document of the pioneering, peaceful revolution, which was started by egypts promising youth, protected by the armed forces, championed by the patient egyptians who gathered in tahrir square on 25 january 2011 to assert their rejection of all forms of injustice, oppression, tyranny, plunder and monopoly, to. The arab republic of egypt is an independent, united sovereign state that cannot. Egypts draft constitution translated egypt independent. Blessed with a unique location and history, the arab nation of egypt is the heart of. Egyptian assembly passes draft constitution despite.
An examination of egypts draft constitution part ii. The constitution took effect after the results were announced on 18 january 2014. The parliament of egypt was a bicameral system made up of the senate and the chamber of deputies. Draft of the constitution of the arab republic of egypt up. A promise napoli trumpet solo pdf of a new dawn worthy of egypts history and civilization, the. The modernization of egypt in the nineteenth century. It was replaced by the constitution of 1930 for a 5year period 19301935 before being restored in 1935. The draft also kept the second article of egypts constitution exactly as it was in the previous document it says the principles of islamic sharia are the main source of legislation. In egypt, the early promise of popular transformation has reinforced divisions in society. The president shall submit the draft law regulating the presidential election to the supreme.
Alazhar is an independent islamic authority, headquartered in cairo, and responsible for the affairs of. I write on behalf of the new york city bar association the. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt, 1971 as. Egypts new constitution was adopted on december 22, 2012 amid intense political tensions and deep rifts between islamists and liberal forces. May 01, 2017 constitution and the international agreements to which egypt is a signatory. As such, it gives statutory sanction to the status quo, incor porating as much of the political achievement of. This briefing paper analyzes the new law on presidential elections. We, the people of egypt, in the name and with the assistance of god, the most merciful and gracious, this is our constitution, the document of the january 25 revolution, the revolution which was initiated by our youth, which our people rallied around, and which the armed forces sided with. It replaced the 2011 provisional constitution of egypt, adopted in 2011. The pharaoh was the king of upper and lower egypt, and his title remained so throughout the dynastic period. Article 5 3 the political system of the arab republic of egypt is a multiparty one, within the framework. Pdf the modernization of egypt in the nineteenth century. The manner in which its sections and provisions are organized is not final.
Comparing three versions of the egyptian constitution. Hereby issues the amendment of the constitution of the arab republic of egypt according to what has been agreed upon at the referendum, to be put into effect as. A constitutional amendments referendum was held from 20 to 22 april 2019. Draft dated 2 december 20 of the constitution of the arab republic of egypt prepared pursuant to article 29 of the constitutional declaration dated 8 july 20 unofficial translation prepared by international idea. Comparing egypts constitutions egyptians will soon vote in a referendum on a new constitution, their second in just over a year. Draft constitution, january 2014 article 19 free word centre, 60 farringdon rd, london ec1r 3ga. Egypts political economy and the downfall of the mubarak regime. The constituent assembly tasked with drafting egypts postrevolution constitution has passed the document as the country continues to reel from a. Draft constitution of the arab republic of egypt table of. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt was the former fundamental law of egypt. Egypts political economy and the downfall of the mubarak regime k. The association is an independent nongovernmental organization with more than 24,000 members in. The draft of the new constitution promoted by the deposed president morsi and his people, left article 2 in its previous version according to the 1980 amendment, but an extremely significant article was added article 219 to the constitutions.
Egypts pioneering intellectual and cultural leadership is an embodiment of its soft power, and a model of the free generosity of original creators and thinkers, universities, science centers, linguistic and research centers, the press, the arts, literature and mass media, the national church, and alazhar with its history as a mainstay of. The law specifies the principles by which public documents are accessed and. The egyptian people are part of the arab nation and work for the realization of its comprehensive unity. Proposed amendments to the constitution, october 20 article 19 free word centre, 60 farringdon rd, london ec1r 3ga. This is our constitution, egypt is the gift of the nile for egyptians and the gift of. Egypts ndp relied on a core of three principles to deal with its management challenge. Constitution that ensures the constitutional rights of citizens, while guaranteeing that no one is left behind. As background, we briefly examine the nasser and the sadat regimes. Egypt s constitution and the document of the pioneering, peaceful revolution, which was started by egypt s promising youth, protected by the armed forces, championed by the patient egyptians who gathered in tahrir square on january. Dec 03, 20 the bbc news website looks at the key changes in the new draft egyptian constitution presented for approval to the interim president, adly mansour. Egypt s draft constitution has made headway on many key freedoms, but failed to address others. Egypts recently finalised draft charter introduced a large number of new articles to, as well as omitted others from, the controversial 2012 constitution predominantly drafted by the islamist. Constitution 2005 the english translation of the egyptian constitution, including amendments made in 2005.
The nile river rises from the lakes of central africa as the white nile and from the mountains of ethiopia as the blue nile. Constitution and the international agreements to which egypt is a signatory. Habitat for humanity in egypt hfh egypt was founded in 1989, and has constructed or renovated over 26,000 homes to date, turning despair into hope for those living in 30 communities. If the president of the republic objects to a draft law ratified by the peoples. This principle is clearly illustrated with an anecdote from the yacoubian building, a popular egyptian novel. Egyptian human rights experts analyze the draft constitution. The egyptian people are part of the arab nation and. For almost 3,000 years, kings called pharaohs ruled the land. The law organizes the rules for filing and archiving public documents, the means to. The new draft constitution has removed language and articles favored by the islamists. December 1, 20, is meant to replace egypts 2012 constitution, which was written by an islamist majority. Egypts 2014 presidential election law page 2 of 46 applicants will be considered official candidates once the pec has completed investigating and verifying the documents. Amid fierce debate over egypts draft constitution, fikra forum editors asked egyptian human rights experts hafez abu saeda and magdi khalil to analyze the draft with respect to human rights, religious freedom, and democratic values.
Dec 04, 2012 introduction on december 1, 2012, egyptian president muhammad mursi announced that egypt s new constitution would be put to referendum on december 15. Several articles include a stronger emphasis on religion than the 1971 constitution but its character is largely secular. It was signed into law by president mohamed morsi on 26 december 2012, after it was approved by the constituent assembly on 30 november 2012 and passed in a referendum held 1522 december 2012 with 64% support, and a turnout of 33%. Egypts draft constitution has made headway on many key freedoms, but failed to address others. Comments on the freedom of expression and information clauses in the draft constitution the centre for law and democracy is a nonprofit human rights organisation working internationally to provide legal expertise on foundational rights for democracy 1. Egypt has been called the gift of the nile, because the nile flooded predictably and regularly depositing very rich, fertile soil. Following the removal of then president mohamed morsi from office on july 3, egypt s militarybacked government began a twophase process of creating a new constitution. I write on behalf of the new york city bar association. This is our constitution, egypt is the gift of the nile for egyptians and the gift of egyptians to. The draft constitution, prepared pursuant to article 29 of the constitutional declaration of 8 july 20 by. Egyptian assembly passes draft constitution despite protests. Egypts business and political arenas were forced to comply with ndp desires and expectations to gain additional power. The draft budget is to be presented to the house of representatives at least. Constitution of the arab republic of egypt refworld.
The state institutions shall deposit official documents with the national library. The arab republic of egypt draft constitution 20 new. Hereby issues the amendment of the constitution of the arab republic of egypt according to what has been agreed upon at the referendum, to be put into effect as of the date the results of the referendum were announced. In january 2014, article 19 analysed draft constitution of the arab republic of egypt of 2 december 20 draft constitution from the perspective of international human rights standards, in particular on freedom of expression and freedom of information. To meet the demands of the egyptian people, in may 2014, egypt held presidential elections and appointed a new cabinet, with a clear and coordinated vision towards. Libyas transition is challenged by armed militias vying for control.
The constitution should not establish a state religion or privilege one religious legal system, such as sharia, over any other, and remove any references to any specific. The current draft has been submitted to president mohamed morsy, who in turn will put it up for a referendum, the conditions of which remain unknown in the wake of a recent crisis between the president and the judiciary. Hfh egypt was founded in 1989, and has constructed or renovated over 26,000 homes to date, turning despair into hope for those living in 30 communities. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt after the. Nov 30, 2012 egypts pioneering intellectual and cultural leadership is an embodiment of its soft power, and a model of the free generosity of original creators and thinkers, universities, science centers, linguistic and research centers, the press, the arts, literature and mass media, the national church, and alazhar with its history as a mainstay of. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt is the fundamental law of egypt the egyptian constitution of 2014 was passed in a referendum in january 2014. Participatory and inclusive constitution making summary many of the countries of the arab spring face daunting challenges. The constituent assembly the drafting committee preliminary draft of the constitution of the arab republic of egypt sunday 14102012 notes. One of the novels main characters, hagg muhammad azzam, is a wealthy busi. The rule of the muslim brotherhood the struggle for the. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt is the fundamental law of egypt.
Indepth analysis of the main elements of the new constitution abstract despite cautious liberalisation in a few limited areas, egypts new constitution of january 2014 does not represent a new democratic departure. Nov 30, 2012 the constituent assembly tasked with drafting egypt s postrevolution constitution has passed the document as the country continues to reel from a decree that gave extraordinary powers to the. The house of representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several. With this legal status, mubarak was able to incarcerate, hosni mubarak. Egypts government services portal egypt constitution. Integrated technology interactive maps interactive visuals starting with a story ancient egypt. Constitution of the arab republic of egypt,22 september 1971, available at. The bbc news website looks at the key changes in the new draft egyptian constitution presented for approval to the interim president, adly mansour. A comparison with the japanese case article pdf available may 2015 with 5,328 reads how we measure reads.
Amid fierce debate over egypt s draft constitution, fikra forum editors asked egyptian human rights experts hafez abu saeda and magdi khalil to analyze the draft with respect to human rights, religious freedom, and democratic values. Introduction on december 1, 2012, egyptian president muhammad mursi announced that egypts new constitution would be put to referendum on december 15. Hafez abu saeda is the head of the egyptian organization for human rights and magdi khalil is the executive director of the middle east freedom forum. Hfh egypt partners with the homeowners themselves and with other local associations to achieve its goal. With parliamentary elections now complete, egypt moves to the next major step in its fitful political transition drafting a new constitution for the republic. Egypt in general, and the christian coptic minority in particular, but was deemed as the lesser evil. The egyptian constitution of 2014 was passed in a referendum in january 2014. The constitution of 1923 was a constitution of egypt from 19231952. The flier seeks to undermine a series of objections to the draft constitution, with the help of clip art and answers to what are presented as common misconceptions. Public consultations leading to the referendum were selective and weak. One of the most dazzling of all was ramses ii ramseez, who reigned from about 1279 to 12 b. Egypts political economy and the downfall of the mubarak.
If the president of the republic objects to a draft law approved by the house of. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Though united, egypt in archaic times remained in many ways two lands. The association is an independent nongovernmental organization with more than 24,000 members in over 50 countries. The law regulates the rules for filing and archiving public documents, the.
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